Actinic keratoses (AKs) are precancerous growths with the potential to transform into squamous cell skin cancers. They arise within skin that has been exposed to prolonged UV radiation without protection making people who have worked and played outdoors more vulnerable. Patients who are immunosuppressed are also at a higher risk of developing AKs. Regular surveillance of the skin in these patients with timely treatment of AKs along with proper UV protection are very important. Treatment modalities include cryotherapy, topical medications, photodynamic therapy, and surgical removal.
Dysplastic nevus is used to describe a mole with atypical features when examined by eye (for example, asymmetry and irregularities in color and border) and under the microscope. Patients who have had a dysplastic nevus biopsied may be at a higher lifetime risk of developing a melanoma especially if there is a strong family history. Therefore, patients who have many moles with or even without a family history of melanoma, and who have a history of dysplastic nevi should see a dermatologist regularly for a skin check.
Warts are a skin infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The infection causes rough, skin-colored bumps to form on the skin. Warts are contagious; they can be spread by physical contact with an infected individual. Warts most commonly appear on the hands, but they can also affect the feet, face, genitals and knees.
Tuberous sclerosis (also called tuberous sclerosis complex) is an uncommon genetic disorder that causes noncancerous tumors — unexpected overgrowths of normal tissue — to develop in many parts of the body. The signs and symptoms, which vary widely from person to person, depend on where the growths develop and how severely a person is affected.
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer, found in the squamous cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin.
Skin lymphomas are rare skin cancers that begin in the cells that make up part of the immune system.
Shingles is a viral infection accompanied by a painful rash.Shingles most commonly appears as a stripe of blisters that wraps around either the left or the right side of your torso.
Pemphigus is a group of rare autoimmune diseases that create blisters on the skin and mucous membranes. It can affect the mouth, nose, throat, eyes, and genitals. The most common type of pemphigus is Pemphigus vulgaris.
Pemphigoid is a rare autoimmune disorder that usually affects the elderly, but can develop in young people as well. Individuals with pemphigoid have skin rashes and blistering on their legs, arms and abdomen.
Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder that causes tumors to grow on nerves. It is passed down through families, but it can also occur because of a mutation in genes. The resulting tumors usually are benign, but sometimes they can become cancerous.
Molluscum contagiosum is a viral infection of the skin that results in round, firm, painless bumps ranging in size from a pinhead to a pencil eraser. If the bumps are scratched or injured, the infection can spread to surrounding skin. Molluscum contagiosum also spreads through person-to-person contact and contact with infected objects.
Melanoma, a type of skin cancer, develops in the melanocytes, which produce melanin — the pigment that gives your skin its color. Melanoma can also form in your eyes and in other parts of your body, such as your nose or throat.
Lupus is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks its own tissues and organs. It can affect many different body systems, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, the brain and heart.
Lichen planus is a common disease that causes inflammation (swelling and irritation) on your skin or inside your mouth. On your skin, lichen planus causes a rash that is usually itchy. Inside your mouth, it may cause burning or soreness.
A keloid scar is a thick, raised scar. It usually occurs where you have a skin injury, but can also develop on earlobes, shoulders, cheeks or the chest. If you are prone to keloid development, you might get them in more than one place.
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic skin condition that causes dimpled lumps to form under the skin. The lumps are formed where the skin rubs together, and they heal slowly, recurring frequently, and causing tunnels under the skin and scarring.
A rare inflammatory disease, dermatomyositis is marked by muscle weakness and a distinctive skin rash.
Basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells — the layer of cells at the lower layer of skin that produce new skin cells as the old ones die off.